Validation of the Brazilian Version of the Musculoskeletal Tumor Society Rating Scale for Lower Extremity Bone Sarcoma
Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND: The Musculoskeletal Tumor Society (MSTS) rating scale is an English-language instrument used worldwide to assess functional evaluation of patients with musculoskeletal cancer. Despite its use in several studies in English-speaking countries, its validity for assessing patients in other languages is unknown. The translation and validation of widely used scales can facilitate the comparison across international patient samples. OBJECTIVES/PURPOSES: The objectives of this study were (1) to translate and culturally adapt the MSTS rating scale for functional evaluation in patients with lower extremity bone sarcomas to Brazilian Portuguese; (2) analyze its factor structure; and (3) test the reliability and (4) validity of this instrument. METHOD: The MSTS rating scale for lower limbs was translated from English into Brazilian Portuguese. Translations were synthesized, translated back into English, and reviewed by a multidisciplinary committee for further implementation. The questionnaire was administered to 67 patients treated for malignant lower extremity bone tumors who were submitted to limb salvage surgery or amputation. They also completed a Brazilian version of the Toronto Extremity Salvage Score (TESS). Psychometric properties were analyzed including factor structure analysis, internal consistency, interobserver reliability, test-retest reliability, and construct validity (by comparing the adapted MSTS with TESS and discriminant validity). RESULTS: The MSTS rating scale for lower limbs was translated and culturally adapted to Brazilian Portuguese. The MSTS-BR proved to be adequate with only one latent dimension. The scale was also found to be reliable in a population that speaks Brazilian Portuguese showing good internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha = 0.84) and reliability (test-retest reliability and interobserver agreement of 0.92 and 0.98, respectively). Validity of the Brazilian MSTS rating scale was proved by moderate with TESS and good discriminant validity. CONCLUSIONS: The Brazilian version of the MSTS rating scale was translated and validated. It is a reliable tool to assess functional outcome in patients with lower extremity bone sarcomas. It can be used for functional evaluation of Brazilian patients and crosscultural comparisons.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.011 | 0.034 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".