The Role of Pericarp Cell Wall Components in Maize Weevil Resistance
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
The maize weevil (MW), Sitophilus zeamais (Motsch.), is a storage pest that causes serious losses in maize ( Zea mays L.) in developing countries. This study was conducted to investigate the role of pericarp cell wall components as factors that contribute to MW resistance in nine genotypes of tropical maize. Six susceptibility parameters to MW were measured and related to cell wall components such as simple phenolic acids, diferulic acids (DiFAs), hydroxyproline‐rich glycoproteins (HRGPs), and nutritional and physical traits. Weevil susceptibility was negatively correlated ( P < 0.001) with total DiFAs ( r = −0.77), HRGPs ( r = −0.82), grain hardness ( r = −0.87), pericarp/whole kernel (P/K) ratio ( r = −0.68), and pericarp thickness ( r = −0.86). A detailed analysis of phenolics indicated the presence of trans ‐ferulic acid (FA), p ‐coumaric acid (CA), and four isomers of DiFA. The most prominent were 5,5′‐DiFA, 8‐O‐4‐DiFA, and 8,5′‐DiFA benzofuran form (DiFAb). On the basis of regression models, 5,5′‐DiFA, 8‐O‐4‐DiFA, trans ‐FA, and p ‐CA were the most important phenolic components of resistance. Grain hardness was correlated ( P < 0.001) with cell wall bound HRGPs ( r = 0.61) and DiFAs ( r = 0.75). Cell wall cross‐linking components could contribute to MW resistance by fortification of the pericarp cell wall as well as increase grain hardness. This structurally based mechanism should be considered in the development of hybrids and varieties where storage pests are prevalent.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it