Nitric Oxide–Related Brain Damage in Acute Ischemic Stroke
Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The neurotoxic and neuroprotective role of nitric oxide (NO) in experimental cerebral ischemia has generated considerable debate. The aim of this study was to analyze the relationship between NO metabolite (NO-m) concentrations in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and clinical and neuroimaging parameters of brain injury in patients with acute ischemic stroke. METHODS: We studied 102 patients and 24 control subjects who were included in a larger previous study conducted to analyze risk factors of progressing stroke. NO generation was calculated by quantifying nitrates and nitrites with a colorimetric assay in CSF samples obtained within the first 24 hours from symptoms onset. Early neurological deterioration was defined as a fall of 1 or more points in Canadian Stroke Scale score between admission and 48 hours after inclusion. Infarct volume was measured on days 4 to 7 by cranial CT. RESULTS: Median NO-m concentrations [quartiles] were 2.1 [1.0, 4.5] micromol/mL in patients and 1.0 [1.0, 1.0] micromol/mL in control subjects (P<0.0001). In 45 patients with subsequent early neurological deterioration, NO-m levels in CSF were significantly higher than in those with stable stroke (4.0 [1.7, 7.8] versus in 1. 6 [1.0, 2.5] micromol/mL, P<0.0001). There was a moderate correlation between NO-m and infarct volume (coefficient 0.39, P<0. 001). NO-m concentrations >5.0 micromol/mL were significantly associated with early neurological worsening (OR 5.7, 95% CI 1.2 to 27.4; P=0.030) independent of other important factors related to progressing stroke, such as CSF glutamate levels. CONCLUSIONS: Our clinical findings suggest an important role of NO generation in acute ischemic stroke. Increased NO-m in CSF are associated with a greater brain injury and early neurological deterioration.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; both teacher heads agree on what is shown here.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".