Soft antiferroelectric fluctuations in morphotropic PbZr<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow/><mml:mrow><mml:mn>1</mml:mn><mml:mo>−</mml:mo><mml:mi>x</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math>Ti<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow/><mml:mrow><mml:mi>x</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math>O<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow/><mml:mrow><mml:mn>3</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math>single crystals as evidenced by inelastic x-ray scattering
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Lattice dynamics of a PbZr${}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}$Ti${}_{x}$O${}_{3}$ single crystal with composition close to the morphotropic phase boundary has been investigated by inelastic x-ray scattering. Dispersion curves of the lowest frequency transverse optic and the transverse acoustic phonon modes propagating along the [100] direction have been determined in the high-temperature paraelectric phase as well as in the room-temperature monoclinic phase. The measurement also reveals that upon cooling from the paraelectric to monoclinic phase, the spectral response of the ${M}_{{5}^{\ensuremath{'}}}$ zone boundary phonon mode associated with antiferroelectric vibrations of lead ions is progressively transforming to a broad central mode. This indicates a crossover from vibrational to relaxational-type dynamics. The existence of this phenomenon previously observed in relaxor materials is a striking result for PZT and it is believed to arise from the nanoscale structural inhomogeneity of these materials.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.008 | 0.011 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.004 | 0.008 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.002 | 0.008 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.003 | 0.007 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.006 | 0.007 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.007 | 0.007 |
| Open science | 0.010 | 0.008 |
| Research integrity | 0.008 | 0.007 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.684 | 0.013 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; both teacher heads agree on what is shown here.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".