Three-Dimensional Eye–Head Coordination After Injection of Muscimol Into the Interstitial Nucleus of Cajal (INC)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The interstitial nucleus of Cajal (INC) is thought to be the "neural integrator" for torsional/vertical eye position and head posture. Here, we investigated the coordination of eye and head movements after reversible INC inactivation. Three-dimensional (3-D) eye-head movements were recorded in three head-unrestrained monkeys using search coils. INC sites were identified by unit recording/electrical stimulation and then reversibly inactivated by 0.3 mul of 0.05% muscimol injection into 26 INC sites. After muscimol injection, the eye and head 1) began to drift (an inability to maintain stable fixation) torsionally: clockwise (CW)/counterclockwise (CCW) after left/right INC inactivation respectively. 2) The eye and head tilted torsionally CW/CCW after left/right INC inactivation, respectively. Horizontal gaze/head drifts were inconsistently present and did not result in considerable position offsets. Vertical eye drift was dependent on both vertical eye position and the magnitude of the previous vertical saccade, as in head-fixed condition. This correlation was smaller for gaze and head drift, suggesting that the gaze and head deficits could not be explained by a first-order integrator model. Ocular counterroll (OC) was completely disrupted. The gain of torsional vestibuloocular reflex (VOR) during spontaneous eye and head movements was reduced by 22% in both CW/CCW directions after either left or right INC inactivation. Our results suggest a complex interdependence of eye and head deficits after INC inactivation during fixation, gaze shifts, and VOR. Some of our results resemble the symptoms of spasmodic torticollis (ST).
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".