The Impact of Air Pollution on Bronchiolitis
Bibliographic record
Abstract
SAB5-O-05 Introduction: Bronchiolitis, a major cause of infant morbidity, has been associated with environmental tobacco smoke. Its association with air pollution has been evaluated in several studies, but the results are mixed. We evaluated the impacts of several air pollutants on bronchiolitis in a nested case-control study using improved exposure methods. Methods: The study population was singleton children born in a metropolitan area in 1999 and 2000. Birth records were linked to health records to obtain data on all healthcare system encounters, as well as residential history and census tract information as part of the Border Air Quality Study. After excluding 723 missing census data and 22 with <25 weeks of gestation, 40,288 were available for analysis. Infants were followed from the second to the 12th month and 5678 outpatient and hospitalization cases were identified. Five controls born on the same date were incidence density matched to each case. Mean exposures to NOx, CO, SO2, PM10, PM2.5, and O3 were estimated using inverse distance-weighted average of all monitors in the study region. NOx and Black Carbon (filter absorbance) were estimated using temporally adjusted land-use regression (LUR) models. Exposures were estimated for the home address of the children for lifetime, 1 month, 2 months prior to diagnosis/reference date. Conditional logistic regression was used to adjust for infant sex, ethnicity [First Nations Status], and prematurity, as well as neighborhood income and maternal education. Results: Based on lifetime exposure, the strongest association was observed with O3 (OR = 1.38; 95% CI, 1.19–1.60 per 10 μg/m3). Smaller, suggestive observations were observed for PM10 (OR = 1.02; CI, 1.00–1.05, 1 μg/m3), PM2.5 (OR = 1.09; CI, 0.98–1.22, 1 μg/m3), and black carbon (OR = 1.05; CI, 0.95–1.16, 0.5 × 10−5 m−1 increase in filter absorbance). No association was observed for NOx based on either ambient monitors or LUR. Protective associations were observed for SO2 (OR = 0.95; CI, 0.92–0.97, 1 μg/m3) and CO (OR = 0.93; CI, 0.90–0.97, 100 μg/m3). These results were relatively unchanged when exposure in specific time windows was considered, with the exception of O3 where the effects were somewhat reduced (OR = 1.26; CI, 1.10–1.44, 1 month prior and OR = 1.28; CI, 1.11–1.48, 2 months prior). Seasonal stratification indicated that O3 and PM10 associations were highest in fall (ORs = 1.71 and 1.07, respectively) and winter (ORs = 1.69 and 1.05, respectively). Conclusions: This is the first study to observe an association between physician diagnosis and hospital admissions for bronchiolitis and ozone exposure. These findings add some support for previously reported associations between bronchiolitis and exposure to particulate matter.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".