Electrophoretic deposition of manganese oxide films
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Electrophoretic deposition method has been developed for the fabrication of manganese oxide films for applications in electrochemical supercapacitors. Submicrometre particles of manganese oxide were obtained by reduction of KMnO 4 solutions with ethanol. As prepared particles were amorphous and crystallised in a birnessite structure after annealing at 400°C during 1 h. The use of sodium alginate as a dispersant, enabled electrosteric stabilisation of the nanoparticles in aqueous suspensions. It was shown that binding properties and pH dependent charge of alginate enabled electrophoretic deposition of crack free films. The thickness of the films prepared from stable suspensions, containing 1–10 g L −1 manganese oxide, was varied in the range of 2–100 μm by variation in deposition time and applied voltage. The composition of the films can be varied by the variation in suspension composition. Cyclic voltammetry and chronopotentiometry data for the films tested in the 0·1M Na 2 SO 4 solutions showed capacitive behaviour in the voltage window of 0·9 V. The highest specific capacitance of ∼150 F g −1 was obtained at a scan rate of 2 mV s −1 . The deposition mechanism, kinetics of deposition and charge storage properties of the films are discussed.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it