Bibliographic record
Abstract
Electrophoretic deposition method has been developed for the fabrication of manganese oxide films for applications in electrochemical supercapacitors. Submicrometre particles of manganese oxide were obtained by reduction of KMnO4 solutions with ethanol. As prepared particles were amorphous and crystallised in a birnessite structure after annealing at 400°C during 1 h. The use of sodium alginate as a dispersant, enabled electrosteric stabilisation of the nanoparticles in aqueous suspensions. It was shown that binding properties and pH dependent charge of alginate enabled electrophoretic deposition of crack free films. The thickness of the films prepared from stable suspensions, containing 1–10 g L−1 manganese oxide, was varied in the range of 2–100 μm by variation in deposition time and applied voltage. The composition of the films can be varied by the variation in suspension composition. Cyclic voltammetry and chronopotentiometry data for the films tested in the 0·1M Na2SO4 solutions showed capacitive behaviour in the voltage window of 0·9 V. The highest specific capacitance of ∼150 F g−1 was obtained at a scan rate of 2 mV s−1. The deposition mechanism, kinetics of deposition and charge storage properties of the films are discussed.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".