Observation of widespread depletion of ozone in the springtime boundary layer of the central Arctic linked to mesoscale synoptic conditions
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Recurrent and episodic depletions of ozone (O3) in the atmospheric boundary layer have been observed at arctic coastal sites during springtime for the past 25 years. Additional measurements from the central Arctic Ocean in April 2003 and 2007 confirm previous observations in 1994 indicating that low (<5 nmol mol−1) O3 levels most likely represent the normal state of the boundary layer of the Arctic Ocean in springtime. Ozone mixing ratios increase sporadically to typical remote background values only during the approach of lows moving northward into the central Arctic from midlatitudes, bringing O3‐rich air into the Arctic basin. During a vast majority of the observed O3 transitions related to the influence of lows, O3 mixing ratios are strongly negatively correlated to atmospheric pressure. This negative correlation is generally stronger than the correlation between O3 mixing ratios and air temperature. The observations indicate that the stable boundary layer, which is a large‐scale feature of the Arctic Ocean in springtime, may regularly be void of O3 implying a shift to halogen radicals as the major oxidizing agent on the same spatial scale. The removal of O3 in the boundary layer on such a large scale may contribute to a reduction of the warming caused by tropospheric O3 in the Arctic, although the overall impact on the radiation budget is currently unknown.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".