Infrared spectroscopy and the ferromagnetic transition in Gd
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The low energy electronic structure of Gd has been investigated experimentally by infrared reflectance spectroscopy, and theoretically from first principles, using the fully relativistic Dirac linear-muffin-tin-orbital (LMTO) method in the local spin density approximation (LSDA) as well as within the LSDA + U approach. The reflectance of a Gd single crystal was measured with the electric field in the plane perpendicular to the c-axis for temperatures between 50 K and slightly above the Curie temperature (293 K) in the frequency range between 100 and 12 000 cm(-1) (0.013-1.5 eV). As Gd enters the ferromagnetic state, the dissipative part of the optical conductivity exhibits interesting spectral weight transfers over the whole spectral range measured. It is shown that the ab initio calculations reproduce well the experimental spectra for the ferromagnetic state and allow one to explain the microscopic origin of the optical response of Gd in terms of interband transitions.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".