Correlation Between tRNALys3 Aminoacylation and Its Incorporation into HIV-1
Bibliographic record
Abstract
During human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) assembly, tRNA(Lys) is selectively packaged into the virus, where tRNA(Lys3) serves as the primer for reverse transcription. Lysyl-tRNA synthetase is also selectively incorporated into HIV-1 and is therefore a strong candidate for being the signal by which viral proteins interact with tRNA(Lys) isoacceptors. Previously, mutations in the tRNA(Lys3) anticodon have been shown to strongly inhibit the charging of tRNA(Lys3) by lysyl-tRNA synthetase in vitro, and we show here that in vivo aminoacylation is also inhibited by anticodon changes. The order of decreasing in vivo aminoacylation for tRNA(Lys3) anticodon mutants is: wild-type SUU (where S = mcm(5)S(2)U) 100%) --> SGU (49%) --> CGU (40%) --> SGA (0%) and CGA (0%). We found that the ability of these tRNA(Lys3) anticodon variants to be aminoacylated in vivo is directly correlated with their ability to be packaged into HIV-1. These data showed that the anticodon is a major determinant for tRNA(Lys3) packaging and support the conclusion that its productive interaction with lysyl-tRNA synthetase is important for tRNA(Lys3) incorporation into HIV-1.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".