Solution Properties of Phosphorylcholine-Based Hydrophobically Modified Polybetaines in Water and Mixed Solvents
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Fluorescently labeled amphiphilic polybetaines have been prepared, and their dilute solution properties in water, chloroform, methanol, and mixed organic solvents have been investigated by fluorescence spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering, and 1 H NMR spectroscopy. The copolymer chains consisted of N -isopropylacrylamide and N -phosphorylcholine- N ‘-ethylenedioxybis(ethyl)acrylamide units in ∼1/1 molar ratio, as well as from 3 to 10 mol % hydrophobic units, such as N - n -(octadecyl)acrylamide, N -(1 H,1 H -perfluoro- n -octyl)acrylamide, or N- [(1-pyrenyl)-4-butyl]- N - (n -octadecyl)acrylamide. In water, the polybetaines associate in multichain aggregates ranging in size from 170 to 220 nm. The assembly of the polymers in water is triggered by two cumulative effects: (1) hydrophobic interactions between the hydrocarbon or fluorocarbon chains and (2) ion pair formation between the phosphorylcholine groups. The polymers do not associate in methanol, but chain aggregation occurs in chloroform, where the phosphorylcholine groups form clusters stabilized by water structuration around these highly polar groups.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it