Effect of aminophylline on metabolic and thermoregulatory responses during hypothermia associated with cold exposure in lambs
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Three experiments were conducted with lambs to test the hypothesis that the phosphodiesterase inhibitor/adenosine blocker, aminophylline would enhance metabolic rate and delay the development of hypothermia. In exp. 1, eight lambs were treated either with aminophylline or control (0.9% saline) injections. During hypothermia, metabolic rate was increased from a resting value of 4.8 W kg-1 to maximum values of 15–16 W kg-1. The rate of development of hypothermia and recovery there from were inversely related to age and body weight. Aminophylline (8 mg kg-1) did not affect resting or maximum metabolic rate, but after a second injection, aminophylline increased metabolic rate after warming (P < 0.05) and tended to shorten the absolute period of time to restore normal rectal temperature (P < 0.10). In exp. 2, a dose-response trial with six lambs each receiving 0, 2, 16 or 32 mg aminophylline indicated that dose rates of 16 and 32 mg kg-1 increased (P < 0.05) metabolic rate of lambs. In exp. 3, 21 lambs received either 0.9% saline or aminophylline (24 mg kg-1) injections. Mean heat production ranged from 13 to 15 W kg-1 and was increased approximately 7% (P < 0.01) by aminophylline. Aminophylline, therefore, has some potential as a treatment for hypothermia or to improve recovery from hypothermia in lambs by increasing metabolic rate during cold stress. Key words: Lamb, metabolic rate, hypothermia, thermoregulation, Aminophylline®, phosphodiesterase inhibitor
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".