Low Back Pain Among Nurses
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In Brief Study Design. A prospective cohort. Objectives. To investigate the prevalence of back pain from entering the nursing school through 5 years in nursing and the determinants and modifiers of back pain and disability. Summary of Background Data. Physical loading, psychologic characteristics, and several other factors have been associated with back pain at work in earlier studies. Because of the lack of the prework entry morbidity data, the nature of the associations between these exposures and the symptoms is unclear. That previous back pain is a predictor of later pain underlines the importance to have pre-employment data in investigations of the role of exposures at work. Methods. Female nursing students (n = 174) were followed for 7.5 years. Data on constitutional and behavioral factors, occupational exposures, and back-related symptoms and disability were collected. Back pain was grouped into “sciatic,” “sudden,” or “other” and related disability. Results. The lifetime cumulative prevalence of back pain increased from 31% at entry to nursing school to 72% at the end of the school and further to 82% after 5 years as a nurse. The 1-year prevalence of any back pain was 54% for the first year in nursing school, 57% for the first year as a nurse, and 64% for the fifth year as a nurse. In multivariate analyses, other back pain and related disability as a nurse were associated with back pain history at the entry to nursing school (odds ratio, 7.1; 95% confidence interval, 1.5–34; and 3.6; 1.2–11, respectively), and working in twisted/bent positions (odds ratio, 6.2; 95% confidence interval, 1.7–23; and 7.5; 2.9–20, respectively). Sudden back pain was not associated with any of the studied risk factors. Sciatic back pain was associated only with working positions (odds ratio, 6.9; 95% confidence interval, 2.1–23). Conclusions. Lifetime prevalence of back pain increased sharply during nursing school but slowly after that. Back pain at entering the nursing school wasa predictor for back-related pain and disability. Self- reported occupational physical work load was associated with back pain and related disability. The nature of the association is unclear, but it is likely that back pain is exacerbated during nursing. The prevalence of back pain in students was investigated from the time of entry to the nursing school for 2.5 years and for a further 5 years in nursing. Potential determinants and modifiers of back pain and disability were also investigated. The prevalence of back pain increased most sharply during nursing school and increased slowly after that. Back pain at entering the nursing school was a predictor for back-related pain and disability as a nurse.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".