A Novel <i>in Vitro</i> Model to Investigate Behavior of Articular Chondrocytes in Osteoarthritis
Bibliographic record
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To investigate in vivo simulation of the microenvironment in which osteoarthritis (OA) chondrocytes are cultured in vitro. METHODS: Human articular chondrocytes were cultured under normoxic and hypoxic conditions. Cells were cultured on standard culture plastic or a porous polyHEMA surface that closely resembles the in vivo cartilage microarchitecture. Morphological changes to the cells were demonstrated by fluorescent staining with DAPI and vinculin. Proteoglycan and type II collagen protein levels were assessed using established techniques. Matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1) production was assessed by ELISA. The gene expression of type II collagen and SOX9 was measured using real-time polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS: Cells grown on culture plastic were seen to be flat and hexagonal. Cells cultured on the porous polyHEMA surface exhibited morphology in keeping with the in vivo microenvironment. Glycosaminoglycan release in hypoxia was high from cells cultured on standard culture plastic. Transcriptional expression of type II collagen was upregulated in hypoxia and by culture on the polyHEMA surface. Transcriptional expression of SOX9 in hypoxia was upregulated compared to normoxia; no significant effect was seen by varying the culture surface. Translational expression of type II collagen was upregulated at 20% oxygen on the polyHEMA surface compared to culture plastic and this was related to MMP-1 expression. CONCLUSION: Culture of chondrocytes in hypoxia and on a porous surface simulates the in vivo microenvironment and illustrates the molecular mechanisms of OA.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".