Comparison of Warm-Needling and Acupuncture for Knee Osteoarthritis: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Bibliographic record
Abstract
목적 : 본 연구는 퇴행성 슬관절염 환자의 통증을 줄이고 증상을 개선하는데 있어 현재 침구임상에서 활용되고 있는 온침이 침보다 더욱 유효한지를 알아보기 위하여 임상연구로 시행되었다. 방법 : 총 76명의 퇴행성 슬관절염 지원자가 연구에 참가하였으며, 이들 모두는 선정기준과 제외기준에 의하여 선발되었고 최종적으로 임상연구를 마친 지원자는 66명이었다. 지원자들은 무작위로 온침군과 침군 중에 할당이 되었다. 실험군(온침)에 속한 38명은 온침시술을, 대조군(침)에 속한 38명은 침시술을 받았으며, 8주 동안 총 16회의 시술을 환측의 무릎에 시행하였다. 주된 평가척도는 Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index(WOMAC)이었고, 부수적 평가척도는 physical health score based on the 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey(SF-36), Patient Global Assessment이었다. 결과 : 실험군이 대조군에 비해서 WOMAC의 pain, function, total score와 Patient Global Assessment에서 월등한 감소를 나타내었으나 SF-36에서는 유의한 변화가 없었다. 결론 : 이번 연구의 결과를 통해 온침이 침에 비하여 퇴행성 슬관절염 환자의 통증 감소와 기능개선에 유의성있게 효과가 있음을 확인하였다. Objectives : The aim of this study was to investigate whether warm-needling is more effective than acupuncture in relieving the pain and improving the symptoms of knee osteoarthritis(OA). Methods : 76 volunteers with knee OA participated in the study. The subjects were randomly assigned to one of two groups. One group received warm-needling(n=38), while the other group received acupuncture(n=38). Sixteen sessions of warm-needling or acupuncture were conducted on the pain region of each problematic knee over a period of 8 weeks. The Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index(WOMAC) scores, physical health score based on the 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey(SF-36) and the Global Assessment(PGA) was measured. Results : Compared to the acupuncture group, the warm-needling group showed a significant decrease in pain, function, and total WOMAC scores according to the Mann-Whitney U-test. The PGA scores of the warm-needling group also showed a significant improvement compared to the acupuncture group. Conclusions : Warm-needling showed a greater pain relief effect on knee OA compared to the acupuncture group. These findings suggest that warm-needling may be a promising alternative therapy for treating knee OA.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.005 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.007 | 0.003 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.003 | 0.003 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.009 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".