Perceptions of Labour Market and Post-School Plans: Some Evidence from India
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The incentives resulting from institutional structures in education and labour markets and how they are perceived by students and their parents significantly influence post-school plans. The institutional structures as evolved in the context of Indian development strategy, have created incentives for individuals to seek higher education and employment in the public sector. However, excessive emphasis on capital-intensive modern industry has constrained the growth of employment for the educated. With increasing liberalization of the economy, employment opportunities in the public sector will be further limited. Therefore, educated persons will face an increasing unemployment problem unless they break away from the older perceptions of opportunity and security. Using data from a sample survey of 1,018 secondary school students and their parents, this paper attempts to explore the extent to which their perceptions are changing vis à vis the new opportunities emerging in the private sector, especially for self-employed entrepreneurs. The possible constraints hindering the change in perception are also examined In conclusion, policy measures aimed at modifying the structure of incentives to facilitate such changes are suggested.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.004 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.004 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".