An Improved Stochastic Weather Generator for Hydrological Impact Studies
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A stochastic weather generator based on the WGEN model has been tested on 13 meteorological stations in Quebec, Canada. The generator, called WeaGETS, accounts for longer persistence of wet and dry spells by including second and third order Markov chain models. It also includes regional correction factors to adjust the precipitation percentile values as simulated by the WGEN model with respect to observed precipitation. This is a first step toward the development of a model to construct basin scale projections of future changes in climate intended for hydrological impact studies. A direct validation of the generator using selected extreme indices of precipitation has shown that the modified generator generally performed better than WGEN at simulating daily precipitation distribution, quantity and occurrence. Some discrepancies still remained or were amplified which appear to be season-related, suggesting recourse to seasonal correction factors. However, because the generator is aimed at developing climate change projections, no additional parameters were introduced in the model to keep it as parsimonious as possible. WeaGETS was indirectly validated by conducting a series of hydrological modelling experiments on the Châteauguay River Basin located in southern Quebec. Results of the simulations show that WeaGETS was able to adequately represent the duration of summer low flow events as well as the annual direct runoff. However an overestimation of the peak flows was observed for the more extreme flood events with return periods exceeding 50 years. Whether or not such an overestimation is solely caused by the generator overestimating extreme precipitation events and/or consistent combinations of precipitation and temperature needs to be further addressed through additional modelling experiments on various watersheds and with more observed climatic data before drawing definitive conclusions.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.004 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".