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Record W1979249327 · doi:10.4296/cwrj3303233

An Improved Stochastic Weather Generator for Hydrological Impact Studies

2008· article· en· W1979249327 on OpenAlex

Why this work is in the frame

A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.

fundA Canadian funder is recorded on the work.
venuePublished in a venue whose home country is Canada.
aboutThe title or abstract carries a Canadian signal from the geographic lexicon.
no affNo Canadian affiliation: this work is invisible to an affiliation-only frame.
No Canadian affiliation. An affiliation-only frame, the usual design, would never have seen this work. It is one of the works that make the case for inverting the frame.

Bibliographic record

VenueCanadian Water Resources Journal / Revue canadienne des ressources hydriques · 2008
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldEnvironmental Science
TopicHydrology and Watershed Management Studies
Canadian institutionsnot available
FundersHydro-Québec
KeywordsPrecipitationEnvironmental scienceFlood mythClimatologySurface runoffClimate changePercentileMeteorologyDrainage basinDownscalingMathematicsStatisticsGeographyGeology

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

Abstract A stochastic weather generator based on the WGEN model has been tested on 13 meteorological stations in Quebec, Canada. The generator, called WeaGETS, accounts for longer persistence of wet and dry spells by including second and third order Markov chain models. It also includes regional correction factors to adjust the precipitation percentile values as simulated by the WGEN model with respect to observed precipitation. This is a first step toward the development of a model to construct basin scale projections of future changes in climate intended for hydrological impact studies. A direct validation of the generator using selected extreme indices of precipitation has shown that the modified generator generally performed better than WGEN at simulating daily precipitation distribution, quantity and occurrence. Some discrepancies still remained or were amplified which appear to be season-related, suggesting recourse to seasonal correction factors. However, because the generator is aimed at developing climate change projections, no additional parameters were introduced in the model to keep it as parsimonious as possible. WeaGETS was indirectly validated by conducting a series of hydrological modelling experiments on the Châteauguay River Basin located in southern Quebec. Results of the simulations show that WeaGETS was able to adequately represent the duration of summer low flow events as well as the annual direct runoff. However an overestimation of the peak flows was observed for the more extreme flood events with return periods exceeding 50 years. Whether or not such an overestimation is solely caused by the generator overestimating extreme precipitation events and/or consistent combinations of precipitation and temperature needs to be further addressed through additional modelling experiments on various watersheds and with more observed climatic data before drawing definitive conclusions. Un générateur météorologique stochastique basé sur le modèle WGEN a été testé sur 13 stations météorologiques dans la province du Québec au Canada. Le générateur, appelé WeaGETS, tient compte d'une plus grande persistance d'épisodes de sécheresse et d'événements pluvieux par l'inclusion de chaines de Markov du second et troisième ordre dans le processus de génération des occurrences de jours secs et pluvieux. Il inclut également un facteur de correction pour les valeurs des percentiles de précipitation simulées par le modèle WGEN. Il s'agit d'une première étape pour construire des projections climatiques à l'échelle du bassin, applicables aux études d'impact en hydrologie. Une validation directe du générateur par l'emploi d'indices d'extrêmes de précipitation a démontré que le générateur modifié offre généralement une performance supérieure à WGEN pour simuler la distribution, la quantité et l'occurrence des précipitations journalières. Toutefois, certains écarts demeurent ou sont amplifiés par rapport aux observations. Ces écarts pourraient dépendre de la saison, suggérant le recours à des facteurs de correction saisonniers. Toutefois, puisque le générateur est destiné à produire des projections climatiques, l'ajout de nouveaux facteurs de correction n'a pas été retenu de manière à conserver le caractère parcimonieux du modèle. WeaGETS a également été validé de manière indirecte par le biais d'expériences de modélisation hydrologique effectuées sur le bassin versant de la rivière Châteauguay, dans le sud du Québec. Les résultats des simulations montrent que WeaGETS permet de simuler la durée d'étiages estivaux de même que le volume annuel de ruissellement direct. Toutefois, une surestimation des débits de pointe a été observée pour les événements les plus extrêmes dont les périodes de retour dépassent 50 années. L'hypothèse que cette surestimation soit causée par le générateur doit être scrutée en de plus amples détails par le biais d'autres expériences de modélisation sur différents bassins versants et avec davantage d'observations météorologiques, avant d'en tirer des conclusions définitives.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.001
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.000
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesMeta-epidemiology (narrow), Science and technology studies
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Not applicable · Consensus signal: none
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: Empirical
Teacher disagreement score0.941
Threshold uncertainty score1.000

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0010.000
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0010.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0010.000
Bibliometrics0.0000.000
Science and technology studies0.0030.001
Scholarly communication0.0000.001
Open science0.0010.000
Research integrity0.0000.000
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0010.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.026
GPT teacher head0.243
Teacher spread0.217 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it