Measurements of Car Vibrations Under Real-Life Driving Conditions and Assessment of Energy Harvesting for Wireless Sensor Nodes
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This work presents a study of car vibrations measured under typical driving conditions to assess the potential of powering automotive sensors incorporated in cars via vibration energy harvesting (VEH). The locations where sensors or switches are currently used and the requirements of potential automotive wireless sensor nodes were used as criteria to narrow down the location of the measurements. A total of 20 locations were retained after keeping the sensors with lower requirements. Random vibrations due to the road perturbations as well as part of the structural responses of the vehicle from changing vehicle speed were observed through vibration peaks which shift in frequency and others which are steady despite the changing conditions. The spectral analyses indicate that most of the available vibration energy is in a frequency range below 200 Hz, with harvestable consistent peaks below 140 Hz on the front chassis, the rear and front plastic bumpers and the brake fluid tank. An analytical model is used to assess the power output from several linear harvester MEMS designs and we estimate that continuous power over 100 nW are achievable from those sources.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".