Lingering Effects of Relative Age in Basketball Players' Post Athletic Career
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Relative age effects (RAEs) refer to participation and attainment variations among individuals within age-based cohorts, typical in youth-sport systems. While RAEs have often been demonstrated in active athletes, this exploratory study examined whether RAEs were influential on post athletic careers such as referees, coaches and commissioners. Data on 142 players, 26 coaches, 32 referees, and 16 commissioners were obtained from the First German basketball league for the 2009/10 season. Chi-square revealed significant RAEs for players, χ 2 (3) = 12.99, p < .01, ω = .30, and for the combined group of post-athletic careers, χ 2 (3) = 10.22, p = .02, ω = .37, suggesting a lingering long-term trend from youth basketball to post athletic careers. RAEs are a persistent inequality in high performance sport, potentially affecting post-athletic careers.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".