TH‐D‐ValB‐07: Development of a Novel High Quantum Efficiency Flat Panel Detector for Megavoltage Cone Beam CT/DT: Construction and Evaluation of a Prototype Single‐Row Detector
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Purpose: Most electronic portal imaging devices (EPIDs) developed so far have low x‐ray absorption, i.e., low quantum efficiency (QE) of 2–4% for megavoltage x rays. A significant increase of QE is desirable for applications such as megavoltage cone‐beam CT (MV‐CBCT) and digital tomosynthesis (MV‐CBDT). Our overall goal is to develop a new generation of area detectors for MV‐CBCT/DT, with a QE an order of magnitude higher than that of current EPIDs and yet an equivalent spatial resolution. To this end, a novel direct‐conversion design of such a high QE detector was introduced recently [Pang and Rowlands, Med. Phys. 31, 3004 (2004)]. The purpose of this work is to construct and evaluate a prototype single‐row detector. Method and Materials: A prototype single‐row detector was constructed based on the novel design. It consists of a single custom‐made printed circuit board (with microsize cavities, charge collection electrodes and microstrip spacers) sandwiched between two identical tungsten plates. The detector array has 128 pixels each with dimensions of 0.45mm (width)×0.6mm (length)×22mm (height). The detector array was placed inside a sealed vessel filled with Xe gas (ionization medium) and then connected to a data acquisition board (XDAS, Electron Tubes Ltd.) for readout. Some fundamental imaging properties including QE, noise power spectrum (NPS) and detective quantum efficiency (DQE) were measured with a 6MV beam. Results: Phantom images were obtained using a dose as low as one Linac pulse. The QE of the prototype is ∼ 66% at 6MV. The DQE at zero frequency is more than an order of magnitude higher than that of current EPIDs. Conclusion: This work demonstrated the feasibility of our novel design for a high QE MV detector. Construction and evaluation of a prototype flat‐panel area detector is in progress. Conflict of Interest: Supported by the DOD Prostate Cancer Research Program (DAMD17‐04‐1‐0276).
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".