VORTEX-GENERATED SOUND IN FLOW ABOUT SPINNING CYLINDERS
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This study provides a computational insight into unsteady far-field and surface pressure developed by vortex interaction with multiple rigid bodies in lift conditions. Flows around a spinning cylinder and two cylinders in tandem were taken as simple but yet representative prototypes of flows around multi-element lifting devices. The unsteady Euler equations are solved in terms of propagating disturbances originating from deforming vortices in the mean flow developed in the neighborhood of cylinders. Numerical errors associated with the discretization and boundary conditions were kept small employing a high-order scheme with accurate nonreflecting boundary conditions. To model the interaction of vortices with rigid bodies using moderate amount of computational resources, we apply a single-grid approach and implement the bipolar coordinate transformation where applicable. We address here the amplification of sound by the mean flow with nonzero circulation, strong influence of vortex profile on the generated sound waves, and different degree of amplification of sound in lifting flows for localized and nonlocal vortices. We find that the flow about a cylinder not only amplifies the sound strength but it also shifts the sound directivity. Vortices deforming within the flow about cylinders placed in tandem and in the traverse layouts were examined.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".