Experimental determination of thermal and electrical properties of Ni-Ti shape memory wires
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The thermal and electrical properties of shape memory alloys (SMA) are known to be different in their austenitic and martensitic phases. This paper addresses the determination of the phase-dependent heat capacity, thermal conductivity and electrical resistivity of a SMA wire. While the heat capacity measurements are relatively straightforward using a differential scanning calorimeter, the determination of the thermal conductivity and the electrical resistivity are more difficult in view of the possible non-uniformity in the material state of a SMA wire during a phase transformation. Experimental procedures are developed and used to determine these properties in either phase and, along with a previously developed finite-element code accounting for the non-uniform material states, the austenite and martensite properties are determined from the experimental data. For the SMA wire tested, the thermal conductivities of the austenite and martensite phases are determined to be 2.8 × 10 -2 J (mm S K) -1 and 1.4 × 10 -2 J (mm S K) -1 respectively, a difference of 100%. The electrical resistivities of the austenite and martensite phases are determined to be 8.371 × 10 -4 Ω mm and 9.603 × 10 -4 Ω mm respectively, a difference of about 14.7%.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".