Halide Pitting of Type 316L Stainless Steel—Effect of Electron Beam Remelting
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Pitting studies were conducted on a commercial Type 316L (UNS S31603) stainless steel (COM 316L) and a Type 316L steel refined by electron beam cold hearth remelting (EBCHR) to decrease the inclusion content. The steels were subjected to potentiodynamic polarization pitting tests in 0.6 M sodium bromide (NaBr) and 0.6 M sodium chloride (NaCl) solutions. Pitting morphologies and distributions were examined by scanning electron microscopy. The EBCHR steel (EBCHR 316L) exhibited a much lower pitting density than COM 316L, with no significant improvement in pitting potential, in both halide solutions. Also, the fewer pits on EBCHR 316L were generally larger and/or more open than on COM 316L, causing the overall beneficial effects of EBCHR refining on pitting to be questionable. The bromide solution tended to produce a lower mean pitting potential than chloride for each steel condition and produced larger numbers of small crystallographic pits on COM 316L. Pitting sites and adsorption of halide ions are discussed.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it