Tuberculosis in the Upper Aerodigestive Tract and Human Immunodeficiency Virus Coinfections
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To describe the clinical manifestations of tuberculosis in the upper aerodigestive tract. DESIGN: Retrospective chart analysis. SETTING: Srinagarind Hospital, Department of Otolaryngology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand. METHODS: A review of medical records of patients diagnosed with mycobacterial infection of the upper aerodigestive tract between January 1991 and December 2000. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Presenting symptoms, clinical findings, pathologic findings, pulmonary involvement, and outcome of treatment. RESULTS: Forty-five patients presented with upper aerodigestive tract tuberculosis. The nasopharynx was involved in 23 patients, the larynx in 16, the tonsils in 6, and the soft palate in 1. One patient had tuberculous infections in both the nasopharynx and tonsils. The mean duration of symptoms before diagnosis was 2.1 months. The pathologic findings included caseous granuloma and/or positive acid-fast bacilli (AFB) in 39 cases and chronic granulomatous inflammation with negative AFB in 6 cases. Pulmonary tuberculosis was found in 19 of the 36 patients who underwent radiography. A positive serologic test for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection was found in 4 of 26 patients. These 26 patients, who received a full course of treatment, responded well. CONCLUSION: The most common site of tuberculosis in the head and neck involved the cervical lymph nodes and nasopharynx. Upper aerodigestive tract tuberculosis is difficult to differentiate from carcinoma; thus, tissue biopsy is necessary for a definite diagnosis. Chest radiography and screening for HIV infection are recommended in all patients with upper aerodigestive tract tuberculosis.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it