A morphological comparison of leaf heteroblasty between New Caledonia and New Zealand
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Leaf heteroblasty, or pronounced changes in leaf morphology during plant development, is a conspicuous phenomenon on many isolated islands. However, morphological comparisons have not been made between islands, and the processes responsible for island heteroblasty are poorly understood. We investigated differences in leaf morphology of heteroblastic trees and shrubs in New Caledonia and New Zealand. Heteroblastic leaves were collected in field searches in several comparable habitat types in both countries. Leaf area, lobing, and degree of circularity were measured on juvenile and adult leaves from 31 species belonging to 19 plant families. Multivariate analysis of variance was then used to compare ontogenetic changes in leaf morphology between countries. Results showed that juvenile leaves were smaller and more lobed than adult leaves. Life history stage did not interact with country, indicating that morphological shifts between juvenile and adult leaves did not differ between New Caledonia and New Zealand. We conclude that island heteroblasty is similar in both locales, despite their strongly different climates, and the phenomenon likely results from some aspect of their shared geological history.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".