Effect of Operational Parameters on Carbon Dioxide Storage Capacity in a Heterogeneous Oil Reservoir: A Case Study
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Underground storage of carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) is attracting considerable interest worldwide as a means of avoiding continued release of CO 2 from anthropogenic sources. Here, a heterogeneous oil reservoir in Alberta, Canada, was chosen for evaluating the potential use of this site for storage of a mixture of 90% CO 2 + 10% H 2 S produced from a nearby gas plant. This reservoir produces 34° API light oil from a pinnacle reef, which is a carbonate reservoir with a depth of 4800 ft (1441 m). A fully compositional, three-dimensional (3-D) reservoir simulation model, CMG-GEM, was used to simulate various operational conditions, study the reservoir and fluid characteristics, and investigate the amount of CO 2 stored and oil recovered. The results of this study show that a combination of two vertical injectors and one horizontal producer optimizes the incremental oil recovered and amount of CO 2 stored. The procedure developed in this study, and the findings of this study, can be used as guidelines for designing and implementing any future CO 2 injection and storage project in similar oil reservoirs.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".