Developmental disinhibition: Turning off inhibition turns on breathing in vertebrates
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Development requires age-dependent changes in essential behaviors. While the mechanisms determining the developmental expression of such behavior in vertebrates remain largely unknown, a few studies have identified permissive mechanisms in which the appearance of promoting signals activates pre-established networks. Here we report a different developmental process. Specifically, we show that the neuronal substrate that produces putative lung breathing in tadpoles is formed early in development, but remains more or less inactive until metamorphosis because of suppression mediated by a GABA(B) receptor-dependent mechanism. Blocking this suppression using 2-hydroxy-saclofen, a GABA(B) receptor antagonist, results in the precocious production of the putative lung breathing motor pattern. This blocker failed to augment putative lung breaths after metamorphosis. Thus, our results suggest that loss of an inhibitory signal during development (i.e., developmental disinhibition) is responsible for the developmental expression of air breathing.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it