Speech-augmented eye gaze interaction with small closely spaced targets
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Eye trackers have been used as pointing devices for a number of years. Due to inherent limitations in the accuracy of eye gaze, however, interaction is limited to objects spanning at least one degree of visual angle. Consequently, targets in gaze-based interfaces have sizes and layouts quite distant from natural settings. To accommodate accuracy constraints, we developed a multimodal pointing technique combining eye gaze and speech inputs. The technique was tested in a user study on pointing at multiple targets. Results suggest that in terms of a footprint-accuracy tradeoff, pointing performance is best (~93%) for targets subtending 0.85 degrees with 0.3-degree gaps between them. User performance is thus shown to approach the limit of practical pointing. Effectively, developing a user interface that supports hands-free interaction and has a design similar to today's common interfaces is feasible.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it