Similarity of Stress Distribution in Bone for Various Implant Surface Roughness Heights of Similar Form
Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Surface roughness effects on osseointegration can be considered from two viewpoints: purely mechanical effects of stresses attributable to roughness and cell and molecular response to surface roughness. PURPOSE: The goal of this study is to provide a theoretical basis to understand the effects of surface roughness size on the osseointegration of implants. The emphasis is primarily on the purely mechanical effects. METHODS: Mathematical proofs of some similarity principles are provided. RESULTS: The main result is that if the geometric form of the roughness or thread cross-section is held constant, then the peak elastic stress depends on the form but not on the size of the roughness or thread height. CONCLUSION: The purely mechanical effects of surface roughness are well understood on a theoretical basis. The interpretation for clinical procedures, however, needs careful attention. Considering the present state of knowledge and clinical experience, no change in the roughness height of current practice is recommended.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".