Hormones and immunoglobulin levels in king penguins during moulting and breeding fasts
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Reproduction and moult are amongst the most costly seasonal events encountered by birds and it has been suggested that trade-offs exist between these events and immune function. The underlying physiological mechanisms of such potential trade-offs are still unclear, but they could be mediated by changes in hormone concentrations and/or fuel utilization. In the present study, our primary aim was to assess variations in immunoglobulin levels (maintenance of the humoral immune function) of free-living king penguins (Aptenodytes patagonicus) during their moult and breeding fasts in relation to the associated endocrine and metabolic states. A second objective was to determine the effect of critical energy depletion on immune function in fasting captive penguins. Throughout moult, there was a progressive increase in plasma immunoglobulins (45%), accompanied by a 120% increase in plasma triiodothyronine and the maintenance of high thyroxin levels. Breeding fast was characterized by immunoglobulin levels ...
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".