Effects of local and global change on an inland sea: the Strait of Georgia, British Columbia, Canada
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Global changes manifest themselves in coastal waters depending on local oceanography and ecosystems. In this paper, we consider the Strait of Georgia as a case study. After examining physical and chemical processes and trends, we discuss consequences of change on geochemical cycling and biota. Several components of the system are vulnerable. Declines in pH and O 2 of basin waters, partly imported from the shelf and partly supported by carbon cycling within the strait, could reduce benthic and pelagic habitat. Sea level rise and storms will interact with coastal development to place critical habitat, such as low-lying estuaries, intertidal zones and mudflats, at risk. The decrease and earlier peak in zooplankton biomass may lead to changes in the food web that cascade to higher trophic levels such as fish and birds. Anadromous fish, already showing declines, are vulnerable to ocean regime shifts, increasing river temperatures, habitat destruction, harvesting and contaminants. For southern resident killer whales Orcinus orca, a species at risk, decline in Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha together with marine traffic and biomagnifying contaminants will lead to extirpation if no action is taken. Some stressors can be controlled only through international action to mitigate climate change. However, we have local control of fishing, habitat destruction, release of some contaminants and, to some extent, river flow and temperature. Acting to control these stressors will support resilience of biota in the face of inevitable global changes.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".