Temperature-related shifts in soluble carbohydrate content during dormancy and cold acclimation in<i>Populus tremuloides</i>
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Changes in metabolism that accompany cold acclimation and deacclimation, such as increasing levels of raffinose family oligosacharides (RFO) during cold acclimation demonstrated in several woody species, are of interest in a search for genetic control of environmental adaptation by cold-hardy woody plants. This study examined the relationship of temperature to endodormancy and cold hardiness in trembling aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.) buds collected at 1560, 2250, and 2900 m elevation near Fort Collins, Colo. Buds from all sites tolerated at least 85°C in December, and buds from 2900 m, the highest elevation, hardened most quickly in fall and retained their hardiness the longest in late winter and early spring. Exposure to liquid nitrogen caused bud break in normally endodormant (15 November collection date) buds. RFO levels were highly correlated to low temperature during acclimation and to lowest survival temperatures. Endogenous raffinose and stachyose increased as temperatures dropped in early winter and diminished as temperatures rose in spring. Arrhenius plots showed that raffinose accumulation was strongly low-temperature dependent during acclimation. Its loss, while also temperature dependant in spring, was not as pronounced as during fall acclimation. Buds from all three sites survived cryopreservation at 196°C when first prefrozen at 5°C/h and stored >4 h at 20°C or colder. Differential scanning calorimetry data suggest that an aqueous component froze separately from tissues that underwent a glass transition in buds that survived cryopreservation. This study documents a complete dormant season hardiness profile of aspen linking hardiness with changes in endogenous soluble sugars.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".