10-fs pulses from two-stage capillary-prism compressor
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Summary form only given. The use of femtosecond laser pulses has advanced the understanding of atomic, molecular and solid-state dynamics. This progress has created the need for even shorter pulses and prompted the further development of femtosecond lasers and pulse compressors. An elegant way of reducing the pulse width was first demonstrated by Nisoli et al. (1996), who used a hollow core fiber-prism compressor to shorten high-energy 140-fs pulses to 10 fs (assuming sech/sup 2/ pulse shape). In this compressor the laser pulses are first spectrally broadened by self-phase modulation in a hollow core fiber waveguide filled with noble gasses at high pressure. Subsequently, a portion of the broadened spectrum is carefully selected and compressed by a pair of prisms. In a later version Nisoli et al. implemented chirped mirrors in the compressor in order to correct for high-order dispersion effects and were thus able to compress 20-fs pulses down to sub 5 fs. We present a two-stage capillary-prism compressor capable of producing 30-fs pulses from the first stage and 1O-fs pulses from the second compressor stage.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.012 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".