The axisymmetric collapse of a mixed patch and internal wave generation in uniformly stratified fluid
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Laboratory experiments are used to investigate the axisymmetric collapse of a localized mixed region in uniformly stratified ambient. The collapsing fluid forms an intrusion and generates vertically propagating internal gravity waves in the stratified ambient. The speed of the intrusion is found to be (0.085±0.001)N0Hm where Hm is the depth of the mixed patch and N0 is the buoyancy frequency. Internal wave frequencies are set by the buoyancy frequency, (ω≃0.8N0), and the effective horizontal wavenumber is set by the radius of the cylinder so that kr≃2Rc. Vertical displacement amplitudes scale with the depth of the mixed patch according to |ξ|/(Hm/2)=0.032±0.002 and we find that about 2% of the available potential energy of the mixed region is extracted by the internal waves. Extrapolation of these results to oceanic circumstances of mixed region collapse beneath a hurricane gives a conservative estimate of the power extracted by internal waves during the lifecycle of the storm is estimated to range from 6×1010 to 4×1012 W. The corresponding power from all hurricanes averaged over the course of a year can range from 1×109 to 8×109 W.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".