Validity of the work productivity and activity impairment questionnaire - general health version in patients with rheumatoid arthritis
Bibliographic record
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: The Work Productivity and Activity Impairment (WPAI) questionnaire is a well validated instrument to measure impairments in work and activities. However, its validation among patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) has not been well established. The present study's purpose is to evaluate the construct validity of the WPAI-general health version among RA patients and its ability to differentiate between RA patients with varying health status. METHODS: Patients who were enrolled in the Early Rheumatoid Arthritis Network cohort and were employed at their most recent follow-up were recruited into this sub-study. A questionnaire battery incorporating the WPAI was administered along with a number of health outcomes including the Multidimensional Health Assessment Questionnaire, fatigue and patient assessment of disease activity. The construct validity of the WPAI was tested by the correlations between the WPAI and the health outcomes and other measures of productivity. Student's t tests were used to identify whether the WPAI outcomes differed between the two levels of heath status based on the median of health outcomes. RESULTS: A total of 150 patients completed the WPAI questionnaire. The average age was 52 years old and the disease duration was 37.5 months since the first rheumatology visit. Of the 137 patients who were working for pay, 26 reported missing work in the past week due to their health problem, accounting for 45.5% of their working time (absenteeism). While 123 patients were working, 24% of their work was impaired due to their health problem (presenteeism). In addition, 33% of the patients' regular daily activities (activity impairment) had been prevented due to their health problems. There were moderate correlations between the WPAI absenteeism and function, pain, fatigue, and disease severity (r = 0.34 to 0.39). The WPAI presenteeism and activity impairment were strongly correlated with the health outcomes (0.67 to 0.77). Patients with more severe disease status (for example, low/high functional disability by median) had significantly higher absenteeism (4%/15%), presenteeism (15%/39%), and activity impairment (19%/53%) than those with less severe disease status. CONCLUSIONS: The WPAI is a valid questionnaire for assessing impairments in paid work and activities in RA patients and for measuring the relative differences between RA patients with different health status.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.005 | 0.015 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".