The Chemistry of Solvated Distonic Ions: Preparation, Isomerization, and Fragmentation
Bibliographic record
Abstract
It has been shown that solvated distonic ions can be prepared by selected collision-induced radical removal from the proton-bound dimer of appropriate molecules. The α - and β -distonic ethanol ions solvated by methanol or ethanol, [CH 3 • CHOH 2 + /ROH] and [ • CH 2 CH 2 OH 2 + /ROH] (ROH = CH 3 OH and C 2 H 5 OH), have been prepared by selected loss of a designated radical from the proton-bound dimer of labeled alcohols, and their reactions studied in the metastable ion time frame. It is found that isomerization of the α -distonic ion to its conventional structure can be catalyzed by both methanol and ethanol, such that the energy barrier to this process is reduced to 25 ± 2 kcal mol - 1, lower than that in the uncatalyzed reaction by 10 kcal mo1 - 1 . The β -distonic ions do not isomerize to either the α -form or the conventional form when solvated by the alcohol molecule, and their fragmentation is dominated by water loss, similar to the isolated ion.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".