Length of the Umbilical Cord and Perinatal Outcomes in Japanese Singleton Pregnancies Delivered at Greater Than or Equal to 34 Weeks’ Gestation
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Background: We examined the relation between the length of the umbilical cord and perinatal outcomes in Japanese singleton pregnancies delivered at ≥ 34 weeks’ gestation. Method: The material reviewed consisted of the total population of Japanese women who gave birth to singleton babies at 34 - 41 weeks’ gestation at Japanese Red Cross Katsushika Maternity Hospital between 2002 and 2009. Results: The average of the length of the umbilical cord was 56.2 ± 11.7 cm (range: 19 - 133 cm). Long and short umbilical cords were defined as those umbilical cords measuring approximately + 1.5 SD above and -1.5 SD below the mean, which are ≥ 74 and ≤ 38 cm in length (5.0 and 0.9 %). Normal umbilical cords were defined as those umbilical cords measuring within ± 1.0 SD of the mean, which is 45 - 68 cm in length. Using logistic multivariable regression analysis, short umbilical cords were associated with the increased rate of emergent Cesarean delivery (adjusted OR 2.20, 95% CI 1.3 - 3.7, P < 0.01) while the long umbilical cords were associated with the increased rate of multiple nuchal cords and true umbilical knots (multiple nuchal cords: adjusted OR 9.16, 95% CI 7.4 - 11, P < 0.01; true umbilical knots: adjusted OR 8.95, 95% CI 5.1 - 16, P < 0.01) . However they were not associated significantly with the adverse perinatal outcomes. Conclusion: The short or long umbilical cords may not be associated with the adverse perinatal outcomes in Japanese singleton pregnancies delivered at ≥ 34 weeks’ gestation. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.4021/jcgo62w
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.004 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".