Primitive neuroectodermal tumors in the central nervous system following cranial irradiation
Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Radiation induced intracranial neoplasms are uncommon but well described and include gliomas, meningiomas, and sarcomas. The development of primitive neuroectodermal tumors (PNETs) following prophylactic craniospinal irradiation has been infrequently reported previously. The authors present four additional cases of PNETs that developed after previous cranial irradiation. METHODS: Four patients who had previously been irradiated were determined to have PNETs of the central nervous system characterized by histopathologic and immunohistochemical features. The average patient age at diagnosis of the initial tumors and cranial irradiation was 17 years. The PNETs developed 5, 11, 11, and 18 years after completion of radiation. RESULTS: Three patients had posterior fossa tumors, one pilocytic astrocytoma, one low grade astrocytoma, and one malignant ependymoma, which had been diagnosed and treated in childhood. Two of those patients developed supratentorial PNETs and the third a cerebellar hemispheric PNET. The fourth patient developed a posterior fossa PNET following irradiation for a temporal astrocytoma, which was initially diagnosed and resected at 37 years of age. Mean survival was 12 months after diagnosis. CONCLUSIONS: The development of PNETs after cranial irradiation may be more common than thought previously and should be considered in the differential diagnosis of irradiation induced neoplasms. Survival after diagnosis of these radiation induced PNETs was short, and this may reflect an inability to provide standard therapy used for primary PNETs.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".