A Numerical Study on Effective Modulus of Elasticity in Crack Length Evaluation for Single-Edge Bending Specimens
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract The actual state of stress in the remaining ligament of a single-edge bending (SE(B)) specimen, which is neither plane stress nor plane strain, is critical in accurately predicting the crack length in the specimen involved in the unloading compliance method. Three-dimensional finite element analyses were carried out in this study to evaluate the effective modulus of elasticity that reflects the actual state of stress corresponding to the crack mouth opening displacement (CMOD) compliance of the SE(B) specimen. Both plane-sided and side-grooved specimens with a wide range of geometric configurations and crack lengths were included in the study. A practical approach is further proposed to quickly evaluate the effective modulus from the CMOD compliance determined based on the test data. The proposed approach was verified using experimental data and numerical analysis results. The results of the verification suggest that replacing the elastic modulus corresponding to the plane stress or plane strain condition with the effective modulus in commonly used a/W–CMOD compliance equations can markedly improve the accuracy of the predicted crack length.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".