Correlated Keyhole MIMO Channels: SNR and Outage Capacity Distributions
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Keyhole MIMO channels, which were predicted theoretically and also observed experimentally, have recently received significant attention as they may appear in some practically-important propagation scenarios. This paper concentrates on the capacity study of such channels. Closed-form expressions for the instantaneous SNR and outage capacity distributions of a spatially correlated keyhole MIMO channel are given. The case of non-singular correlation matrices with distinct eigenvalues is considered in detail. When the numbers of Tx and Rx antennas are both large, the asymptotic outage capacity distribution of the keyhole channel is Gaussian under general conditions on the correlation (the average SNR affects the mean and the correlation affects the variance). The Gaussian approximation is accurate already for a reasonably small number of antennas (2times2). Based on the asymptotic capacity analysis, a full ordering scalar measure of MIMO channel correlation and power imbalance is introduced. Using this measure, we show analytically that the outage capacity at low outage probabilities decreases with correlation
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.009 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".