Increased Serum Soluble OX40 in Patients with Systemic Sclerosis
Bibliographic record
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: The relationship between systemic sclerosis (SSc) and interleukin 23 (IL-23), a cytokine associated with the differentiation of T lymphocytes, is unknown. We investigated serum IL-23 levels and their clinical association in patients with SSc. METHODS: Serum IL-23 levels were examined by ELISA in 63 patients with SSc, 15 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), and 31 healthy individuals. SSc patients comprised 25 with limited cutaneous SSc and 38 with diffuse cutaneous SSc. RESULTS: Serum IL-23 levels were significantly elevated in SSc patients compared to patients with SLE (p < 0.05) and controls (p < 0.005). Elevated serum IL-23 levels were associated with the disease duration (p < 0.05) and the prevalence of pulmonary fibrosis (p < 0.05), although they were not associated with other clinical features, including the extent of skin sclerosis or the severity of pulmonary fibrosis. CONCLUSION: The results suggest that IL-23 is associated with induction of SSc and that blockade of IL-23 can be a potential therapeutic strategy in early SSc.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".