An integrative phylogenetic and extrapolatory approach to the reconstruction of dromaeosaur (Theropoda: Eumaniraptora) shoulder musculature
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Dromaeosauridae is the sister taxon of the Avialae; thus, an investigation of dromaeosaur shoulder girdle musculature and forelimb function provides substantial information regarding changes in the size and performance of the theropod shoulder girdle musculature leading to avian powered flight. Twenty-two shoulder girdle muscles were reconstructed for the dromaeosaurid shoulder apparatus, based on phylogenetic inference, which involves the comparison of lepidosaurian, crocodilian and avian musculature, and extrapolatory inference, which involves a secondary comparison with functional analogues of theropods. In addition to these comparative methodologies, osteological correlates of shoulder musculature preserved in eumaniraptorans are identified, and comparisons with those of extant archosaurs allow these muscles to be definitively inferred in dromaeosaurids. This muscle reconstruction provides a foundation for subsequent investigation of differences in muscular attachment and function, based on scapulocoracoid morphology, across the theropod lineage leading to birds.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".