Mechanism of formation of heat stable salts (HSSs) and their roles in further degradation of monoethanolamine during CO2 capture from flue gas streams
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The roles of HSS induced acid products of MEA degradation were evaluated. The results show that formic and acetic acids, formed as a result of MEA oxidation, exist in 2 forms in equilibrium; namely, salts and amides. Specifically, these are formate and acetate, and N-(2-hydroxyethyl)formamide and N-(2-hydroxyethyl)acetamide, respectively. Glycolic acid, also formed due to MEA oxidation, is stable and exists mostly bonded with MEA to produce the glycolate HSS. Its amide is unstable, hydrolyzing back to glycolate and MEA. Oxalic acid was found as a reactive intermediate that mostly decomposed to formic acid, which in turn produced a stable N-(2-hydroxyethyl)formamide. Oxalic acid amide (N-(2-hydroxyethyl)oxamide) could also be formed but its formation was considered a minor route compared with the decomposition route. Succinic acid formed a stable imide (N-(2-hydroxyethyl)succinimide) through an intermediate amide (N-(2-hydroxyethyl)succinamide).
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".