Atomistic simulation of Cu–Ni precipitates hardening in<i>α</i>-iron
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In this paper, we investigated the interaction of an edge dislocation with Cu precipitates with a spherical geometry and with Cu–Ni precipitates that possess a Cu core with an outer Ni shell, commonly observed in reactor pressure vessel (RPV) steels. We applied molecular dynamics techniques to explore the critical stress required to unpin the dislocation (CSRUD), the breakaway dislocation line shape when the dislocation leaves the precipitates and the transition of Cu atoms within precipitates. The results indicate that the CSRUD of the Cu–Ni precipitates with a diameter less than 2.38 nm is larger than that of Cu precipitates that contain the same number of Cu atoms, while for a diameter larger than 2.38 nm, the CSRUD of Cu–Ni precipitates is weaker, which is related to the bcc to fcc-like or hcp-like atoms transformation in precipitates. The dislocations interact with Cu and Cu–Ni precipitates via the cut mechanism.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".