Transient Water Transport in Nafion Membranes Under Activity Gradients
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Transient water transport experiments on Nafion of different thicknesses were carried out in the temperature range of 30 to 70 °C. These experiments report on water transport measurements under activity gradients in the time domain for liquid and vapour equilibrated Nafion membranes. Using a permeability test rig with a gated valve, the water crossover was measured as a function of time. The typical response is shown as a time dependent flux, and it shows the dynamic transport from an initially dry condition up to the final steady state. Contrarily to previous reports from dynamic water transport measurements, where the activity gradient across the membrane is absent; in this work, the membrane was subjected to an activity gradient acting as the driving force to transport water from an environment with higher water activity to an environment with lower water activity through the membrane’s structure. Measurements explored temperature and membrane thickness variation effect on the transient response. Results showed dependency on temperature and a slower water transport rate across the vapour-membrane interface than for the liquid-membrane interface. These measurements showed the transport dependency on water content at the beginning of the experiment when the membrane was in a close-to-dry condition suggesting a transport phenomenon transition due to a reached critical water content value. The new protocol for transient measurements proposed here will allow the characterization of water transport dependency on membrane water content with a more rational representation of the membrane-environment interface.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".