General and Convenient Method for Making Highly Luminescent Sol−Gel Derived Silica and Alumina Films by Using LaF<sub>3</sub> Nanoparticles Doped with Lanthanide Ions (Er<sup>3+</sup>, Nd<sup>3+</sup>, and Ho<sup>3+</sup>)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Silica films with Ln 3+ -doped LaF 3 nanoparticles were prepared by sol gel method and their luminescent properties were studied as a function of the temperature. Significant improvements in the luminescent properties, in terms of the lifetime for the 4 I 13/2 level of Er 3+ (∼10.9 ms), 4 F 3/2 level of Nd 3+ (∼171 μs), and 5 F 3 level of Ho 3+ (∼6 μs), were obtained when corresponding nanoparticles are incorporated in silica films rather than the bare ions. In addition to the LaF 3 as the low phonon energy matrix, the absence of lanthanide ion clustering, and the increased distance between the OH groups of the silica matrix and the lanthanide ions, are responsible for the observed improvements in the luminescent properties for nanoparticle incorporated silica films. Lifetime values could be further improved by incorporating core−shell nanoparticles (the doped LaF 3 core surrounded by an undoped shell of LaF 3 ) in the silica matrix, as a result of further reduction of the nonradiative pathways.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".