The expression and the regulatory role of OX40 and 4-1BB heterodimer in activated human T cells
Bibliographic record
Abstract
OX40 and 4-1BB are members of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) family of costimulatory receptors whose signaling is important for differential immune responses mediated by CD4+ or CD8+ T cells. Although activated T cells may acquire OX40/4-1BB double-positive phenotype and signaling from each receptor is expected to influence cell functions, the relevance between OX40 and 4-1BB has never been investigated before. While we were investigating the expression of OX40 and 4-1BB on activated human T cells, we found that they colocalize. The study of receptor gene-transfected cells showed that both receptors coendocytose and the complex of OX40 and 4-1BB was detected by specific ligands or antibodies (Abs). The heterodimer of OX40 and 4-1BB was identified by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) under nonreduced conditions and was associated with the tumor receptor-associated factor (TRAF) family proteins in a unique manner. Furthermore, the stimulation of OX40/4-1BB rendered cells sensitive to apoptosis induced by TNF-alpha that accompanied reduced activation of nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB). Finally, the OX40/4-1BB stimulation repressed the mitogen response in activated CD25+CD4+ T cells and preactivated CD8+ T cells. Thus, the OX40/4-1BB heterodimer appears to represent a unique regulatory receptor in activated T cells.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".