A dual-mode highly efficient 60 GHz power amplifier in 65 nm CMOS
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This paper presents a 60 GHz power amplifier utilizing a novel technique to achieve high efficiency at high output power levels. The proposed topology provides the capability of dual mode operation. The output power of a conventional class A power amplifier will be combined with the power provided by an amplifier operating at a different class to achieve higher efficiency at higher output levels. Driver stages to provide high power gain consist of an enhanced cascode stage followed by a common source amplifier with transformer-coupled impedance matching networks. Fabricated in 65 nm CMOS process, the measured gain of the 0.32 mm2 power amplifier is 17.7 dB at 60 GHz with a wide 3dB band width of 12 GHz while consuming 378 mW from a 1.2V supply. A maximum saturated output power of 16.8 dBm is measured with the 14.5% peak power added efficiency at 60 GHz.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it