Birth weight in children with birth defects
Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Birth defects (BDs) are a serious public health problem in Mexico. The objective of this paper was to identify the frequency of newborns (NBs) that are born small for gestational age with a birth defect. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional study of NBs from hospitals part of the Mexican Institute of Social Security in Chihuahua, Mexico, was conducted. NBs were classified according to the presence or absence of a BD and according to their weight percentile using regional standards of birth weight. RESULTS: NBs diagnosed with (n = 263) or without BDs (n = 64,626) were included in this study. A greater proportion of NBs small for gestational age were identified in cases involving BDs (20%), compared with NBs without BDs (9%). Moreover, the average decrease in birth weights of NBs with BDs associated with their digestive system was 210 grams (95% confidence interval [CI], -436/-12), with their genital organs 440 grams (95% CI, -730/-151), involving chromosomal abnormalities 230 grams (95% CI, -435/-26), or with their musculoskeletal system 289 grams (95% CI, -43/-147) according to the gestational age, sex, and condition of the NB (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: A greater proportion of NBs with BDs were associated with a low birth rate for their gestational age. In addition, some BDs were found to be associated with an impaired birth weight more often than others This suggests that clinical decisions regarding NBs with congenital defects and a lower birth weight for their gestational age should be diagnosed and treated for additional nutritional considerations as needed. Birth Defects Research (Part A), 2011. © 2011 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".