Formation of Widmanstätten Ferrite in a 0.036% Nb Low Carbon Steel at Temperatures Above the Ae<sub>3</sub>
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The formation of Widmanstätten ferrite was investigated in a 0.036% Nb microalloyed steel at temperatures above the Ae3 using optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and electron backscatter diffraction. Such strain‐induced ferrite appears to form in two consecutives stages: (i) stage I, first observed at strains below 0.5, leads to the presence of Widmanstätten ferrite plates only about 200 nm wide, (ii) stage II, observed at strains >0.5, involves the coalescence of the Widmanstätten plates into grains. Thus the microstructures formed by dynamic transformation are composed of fresh Widmanstätten plates (stage 1) and polygonal grains (stage 2). Over the experimental temperature range of 836–896°C, the ultrafine ferrite plates and grains have areas below 2 µm2 and are difficult to detect using optical microscopy.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".